Sources: #STS [[Sacrae Theologiae Summa]] (Ib, treatise III, ch. IV); ## *Revelation: a manifestation made by God (see t .4 b.2 c.2 a. 1 th.10 n. 128-130) - Two kinds: - *Strict* (Divine Revelation): attesting speech, whereby God manifested truths to men. (t .3 b .2 c . 4 a . 1 t h . 1 8 n . 7 3 7 - 7 4 0) - Two aspects: - *Formal:* the attesting speech of God itself. - *Objective*: consists in the truths made known to men by God by means of an attesting speech. - distinguished from *active* Revelation: "the very act of God revealing a truth to men." (Filip) - Two kinds: - *Private*: that which is given to a private person and for his good. - *Public*: that which is imposed by God on society and must be embraced for the good of its members. - *Particular*: the public revelation, which is destined for a particular people (i.e. the revelation of Moses in the Old Testament.) - *Universal*: the public revelation, which is given to all men of all peoples (i.e. the Christian revelation of the New Testament.) - Filip further distinguishes *based on the one receiving*: - *Immediate*: directed to people who have been chosen by God as witnesses of his word and as instruments of its transmission - e.g. prophets and Apostles. - *Mediate:* occurs through witnesses or legates chosen by God. This is the case for most people. - *Broad* (Natural Revelation): a manifestation made by God through creatures. (t .4 b.2 c.2 a. 1 th.10 n. 128-130). - For faith, revelation in the broad sense is not sufficient, but that strict revelation is always required, so that some truth can be believed with divine faith. - Contra: [[Modernism|modernism]]: God's action leads to pious interpretations of visible phenomena. (Marshner) ## *Revelation was completed with the death of the last Apostle*: - *Completion* understood in the three ways: - *personally*: given immediately to the persons of the Apostles, - *temporally:* all of it was given within the time in which the Apostles lived on this earth, namely, until the death of the Apostle John. - *virtually*: every revealed truth, although the revelation was given immediately to someone among the faithful, was acknowledged as such by one of the Apostles. - Not necessarily *personally*, but at least *temporally and virtually*, so that after the death of St. John the Apostle there is then no more objective, public and universal divine revelation. - *Contra*: [[Montanism]], [[Fraticelli]], [[Rationalism]], [[Semi-Rationalism]], [[Modernism]], [[Mormonism]]. ***Dogma***: a revealed truth and it is proposed by the Church to all to be believed. (t . 3 b . 2 c . 4 a . 1 t h . 1 8 n . 7 5 1 - 7 5 6) - Three elements: - *Objective*: the revealed truth. - *Subjective:* - *Active*: the Magisterium of the Church proposing it. - *Passive*: the faithful embracing the proposed truth with divine faith. - *Contra:* - [[1- GLOSSARY/Terms/Modernism|Modernism]]: *enforced* pious interpretations of visible phenomena (Marshner). ***Dogmatic progress***: an increase in dogma through successive growth. (t . 3 b . 2 c . 4 a . 1 t h . 1 8 n . 7 5 1 - 7 5 6) - Two kinds: - *Objective*: an increase through successive growth of divine truths. (Heb. 1:1) - St. Thomas: before the Mosaic Law, under the Law given by Moses, and finally in the time of grace. - Objective progress ended with the death of the last Apostle. - *Subjective*: on the part of the proposition of the Magisterium of the Church and on the part of the understanding of the members of the Church. - Can take place unceasingly and historically has done so. - “Each source of divinely revealed doctrine contains so many rich treasures of truth, that they really can never be exhausted” ([[Pius XII]], “[[Humani generis]]": AAS 42,568).